Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique that allows for the visualization of the retina, particularly the macula and the optic nerve head anatomy. Using laser light, OCT employs the tissue's reflection properties to provide high-resolution information about the internal structure of tissues. Due to the transparent nature of the eye from the front to the macula, this method allows for the acquisition of detailed, live-like cross-sectional images of the retina. Depending on the reflectivity of the retinal structures, different layers of the retina can be seen in various colored sections.
OCT is used for assessing conditions such as macular holes, epiretinal membranes, macular edema, age-related macular degeneration, and optic disc pathologies. It is especially helpful in evaluating the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma and visualizing anterior segment structures. OCT is a non-invasive procedure and does not have any known side effects for the patient.